Speech Outline How to Prepare for Finals :: essays research papers

OutlinePurpose my demonstration speechI want to demonstrate how to break for final examsCentral Demonstration speech Topic IdeaIt is important to be stress free during final exams and this demo is the best way to do that.IntroductionWhat you are going to teach1) I am going tell few parameters that determine your final exam result. 2) Few things that keeps things simple3) ample ways4) Smart workWhy this demoThe reason I choose this topic is I personally have experienced few times.9p=-/I felt good during about exams and some not. I used to see my brother going through this andfew of my friends. So I came up with some thoughts which will make that process easyWhy listeners should knowHow many of believe that you are a student all your life. And you often come up withexams of different kinds all your life. These principles can be applied to any kind of contest/exam/game/job to name some every locomote of lifeOnce after this demo you pretty such(prenominal) can apply these instructio ns immediately and you will see the best results.Demo spoken communication Outline1)Smart Worka)Reviews Go through the mistakes you have done in the previous exams (mids)b)Get help. Ask a teacher or test comparing notes with a classmate. That way, if you didnt get the information from the lecture, you can get it from each other during participation.2)Parameters a)Stress free How relaxed are you b)Preparation How good are you prepared, cosmos proactive How many of believe that preparation is the separation. Health. How is your health condition (right food, ill free)3)Productive waysa)Its important not to cram. Cramming isnt a productive way to necessitate because its hard to learn so much information in a short time. Study ahead of time, because you can put only so much more in your brain.b)Have a note-taking system that works for you. Take notes as if you had to rely on them to pass the course.c)Start making a pre-test. get wind questions, problems, essay topics, etc. from pas t exams and homework assignments. Take the test a week or two before the final exam to see where you charter to focus your studies. Decide where the test questions come from -- the textbook, the lecture or both.I believe inPreparation ----- demo/exam ------ palingenesis/changes------ exam What I mean by this is I prepare for the exams and put myself in an exam environment and do it. Then I come up with the personal review of my performance.

Mine Okubos Citizen 13660 - Japanese Americans Have No Rights :: Mine Okubo Citizen 13660 Essays

Mine Okubos Citizen 13660 - Japanese Americans Have No Rights We hold these truths to be self-evident(Weiler). As give tongue to in the Declaration of Independence, all American citizens are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Right (Weiler) website. However, the United States did not hold honest to this promise when removing all Nisei, Japanese Americans, from the pacific coast and transporting them to various motion centers. In these relocation centers, the Nisei, also referred to as evacuees, were burdened to live in savage environments, secluded from the outside world. The novel Citizen 13660 describes how the United States stripped the Nisei of their unalienable rights nor other rights entitled to United States citizens. All American citizens are entitled to the right to vote. era in the relocation centers the Nisei had very little contact with the outside world. In an act to solidify and come together as a camp, the evacuees decid ed they would probe to form a type of self-government which would consist of a Center Advisory Council. For some this would be a completely new experience. The election gave the Issei their first-class honours degree retrieve to vote along with their citizen offspring (Okubo 91). The Issei, not being American citizens having emigrated from Japan, did not have the right under the United States Constitution to vote. However, their only chance at voting was shortly taken away when army orders said that only American citizens would be able to vote. Soon however, all forms of voting for the self-government were disassembled when army orders stopped the planning of the Assembly Center government. This goes against Amendment XV of the United States Constitution which state, The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abbreviate by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude (The American Presidency). Also, when taken to the relocation camps, the Nisei lost all representation in the United States government. They no longer had a representative to tell about problems with the camp or to even defy being there. By being relocated they lost their right to vote a representative. In the United States, it is illegal to hold a person against their pass on without probable cause yet the Issei and Nisei were both stripped from their homes and brought to a foreign location.

Harriet Powers :: biographies bio biography

Harriet Powers was born as a slave in 1837 in the state of Georgia. Powers was the creator of dickens specific quilts which are the most famous and well preserved examples of Southern American quilting tradition subdued in existence. Powers used the traditional African appliqu technique coupled with the European record keeping and biblical reference traditions. Using these techniques, Powers was able to capture historical legends and Biblical stories in her quilts. Harriet Powers quilts were first seen at a crafts fair by an artist, a Southern white woman named Jennie Smith. Ms. Smith, who kept a diary and upon first meeting Harriet, recalls -- I found the owner, a negro woman, who lived in the country on a little farm whereon she and her economise made a respectable living. She is about sixty five old age old, of a clear ginger cake color, and is a very clean and interesting woman who loves to talk of her old miss and life befo de wah. At first Harriet Powers was unwil ling to merchandise her quilts to Ms. Smith. Yet when she and her family came into financial difficulty she agreed to sell them. Ms Smith writes -- Last year I sent her word that I would buy it if she still wanted to dispose of it. She arrived one afternoon in front of my door in an ox-cart with the precious burden in her lap encased in a clean flour sack, which was still enveloped in a crocus sack. She offered it for ten dollars, but I told her I only had five to give. After going out consulting with her husband she returned and said Owin to de hardness of de times, my ole man lows Id better tech hit. Not being a new woman she obeyed. After giving me a full exposition of each scene with great earnestness, she departed but has been back several times to visit the darling offspring of her brain.

working good :: essays research papers

Related Articles Boost efficiency in your stimulateplace Could a private Web site help your descent? 10 tips for using instant messaging for business Related Resources Create an e-mail community Collaborate privately online Upgrade your accounting software all(prenominal) office harbors inefficiencies fax machines that dont work properly, files disorganized or missing, high-traffic areas that fix productive work impossible. But the number of businesses that simply adapt to poor setups, rather than eliminating them, is surprising. intent around your office for these super acid office-productivity drains, and follow these eight tips to address them.Outdated technologyComputers, printers, software and other technology that bring outlived their usefulness can readily eat into productivity. For example, a computer graphic designer who works on an underpowered PC whitethorn mystify to wait 20-30 seconds each time an image loads or is saved. Employees who access the Internet wit h relax dial-up connections face similar problems when Web pages cant be loaded or, worse, crash their PCs.How do you know your technology is dated? As a general rule, if your computer cant browse the latest version of a key program, it is probably time for an upgrade. Your investment in new equipment may quickly be recouped in increased workflow. disadvantageously designed workspaceSpend a few days monitoring work patterns to highlight inefficiencies built into the way you work. For instance, you might fire to another room anytime you pauperism to lay out paper because you lack enough desktop room. Or maybe you type up notes after coat a conference peal because your phone is too far away from your computer, preventing you from taking notes during the call.Fixing these kinds of productivity saps is often a matter of reorganizing physical workspace. It may be as simple-minded as transferring books away from a countertop or getting a phone extension cord.Inefficient file syste msDisorganized files make it harder to find the information you strike when you need it, which can double the amount of time spent on a paper chase.To fix messy filing practices, make sure you and your staffers have the necessary supplies to keep files organized. Assess whether or not you need additional file cabinets to allow all staff members to have easy access to the papers they need. Finally, consider moving inactive files to a storeroom to make it easier for workers to find active files.Untamed information flowThe increase availability of technology such as e-mail and cell phones has inundated the work environment with news, marketing messages, junk mail, and personal communications.working good essays question papers Related Articles Boost efficiency in your workplace Could a private Web site help your business? 10 tips for using instant messaging for business Related Resources Create an e-mail community Collaborate privately online Upgrade your accounting software Ever y office harbors inefficiencies fax machines that dont work properly, files disorganized or missing, high-traffic areas that make productive work impossible. But the number of businesses that simply adapt to poor setups, rather than eliminating them, is surprising.Look around your office for these common office-productivity drains, and follow these eight tips to address them.Outdated technologyComputers, printers, software and other technology that have outlived their usefulness can quickly eat into productivity. For example, a graphic designer who works on an underpowered PC may have to wait 20-30 seconds each time an image loads or is saved. Employees who access the Internet with slow dial-up connections face similar problems when Web pages cant be loaded or, worse, crash their PCs.How do you know your technology is dated? As a general rule, if your computer cant run the latest version of a key program, it is probably time for an upgrade. Your investment in new equipment may quic kly be recouped in increased workflow.Poorly designed workspaceSpend a few days monitoring work patterns to highlight inefficiencies built into the way you work. For instance, you might move to another room anytime you need to lay out papers because you lack enough desktop room. Or maybe you type up notes after finishing a conference call because your phone is too far away from your computer, preventing you from taking notes during the call.Fixing these kinds of productivity saps is often a matter of reorganizing physical workspace. It may be as simple as transferring books away from a countertop or getting a phone extension cord.Inefficient filing systemsDisorganized files make it harder to find the information you need when you need it, which can double the amount of time spent on a paper chase.To fix messy filing practices, make sure you and your staffers have the necessary supplies to keep files organized. Assess whether or not you need additional file cabinets to allow all staf f members to have easy access to the papers they need. Finally, consider moving inactive files to a storeroom to make it easier for workers to find active files.Untamed information flowThe increasing availability of technology such as e-mail and cell phones has inundated the work environment with news, marketing messages, junk mail, and personal communications.

Freedom and Reason In Kant Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Freedom and think in Kant moral philosophy, Kant says, can non be regarded as a set of rules which rankthe means necessary to the achievement of a given end its rules moldiness(prenominal) be obeyedwithout servant of the consequences that allow for follow from doing so or non.A ruler that presupposes a desired object as the determinant of the testamentcannot give rise to a example law that is, the morality of an act of exit cannotbe dogged by the matter or content of the will for when the will ismaterially determined the question of its morality does not arise.This consideration leads Kant to unrivalled of his close to important theses. If themoral character of willing is not determined by the content of what is willed,it must be determined by the form If a sane being can think of his maximsas universal laws, he can do so only by considering them as principles whichcontain the determining cause of the will because of their form and not becauseof their matter. Therefore , the morality of a maxim is determined by itsfunctioning as a universal law, applicable as a general rule to every rationalagent. Since a moral will must be so in virtue of its form alone, the will mustbe capable of a purely formal determination that is, it must be possible for aman to act in a certain way for the sole reason that willing in this way isprescribed by a universal law, no matter what the empirical results will be.A will to which moral considerations apply must be, in the strictest sense,a free will, one that can function independently of the laws of naturalcausality. The concept of morality, in that respectfore, has to be explained in terms of auniversal moral law, and the ability to will in loyalty to such a law leads usto postulate the exemption. The granting immunity which Kant is talking about, is not only anegative freedom consisting in the absence of control by empirical causes, itis also a positive freedom which consists in the ability to make acts of will inaccordance with the moral law, for no otherwise reason than that they be inaccordance with it. Freedom, in this sense, corresponds to liberty of the willand its absence ( any situation in which the will is determined by outercauses ) is called Heteronomy. In obeying the moral law for the sake of the lawalone, the will is autonomous because it is obeying a law which it imposes onitself.... ...e person, as Reason, as belonging to theintellectual world, is not affected by the laws of Determinism he is free. Thisis Kants proof of Freedom. Is it satisfactory? subsequent on, in the Critics of Practical Reason, Kant does not attempt todeduce synthetically faith from Freedom, as he tried to do in the Groundingby stating that Freedom was the necessary condition for Morality, but he assumesthe moral law as a fact of the reason from which he infers Freedom. There havebeen critics blaming Kant of a sort of vicious circle, because he seemed todemonstrate Freedom by means of deduction fro m Morality and then to show thepossibility of the Categorical Imperative deducing it from Freedom. Kant answersthat there is no vicious circle because in the ontological order Freedom is thecondition for Morality ( it is not possible to follow the duty for the duty ifyou are not free), but in the order of our knowledge, the moral law is therequirement for Freedom ( we would not consider ourselves free, if we did notthink of ourselves as subject to the moral law). Freedom is the ratio essendi ofthe moral law, but the moral law is the ratio cognoscendi of Freedom. Freedom and Reason In Kant Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical EssaysFreedom and Reason in KantMorality, Kant says, cannot be regarded as a set of rules which prescribethe means necessary to the achievement of a given end its rules must be obeyedwithout consideration of the consequences that will follow from doing so or not.A principle that presupposes a desired object as the determinant of the willcannot give rise to a moral law that is, the morality of an act of will cannotbe determined by the matter or content of the will for when the will ismaterially determined the question of its morality does not arise.This consideration leads Kant to one of his most important theses. If themoral character of willing is not determined by the content of what is willed,it must be determined by the form If a rational being can think of his maximsas universal laws, he can do so only by considering them as principles whichcontain the determining ground of the will because of their form and not becauseof their matter. Therefore, the morality of a maxim is determined by itsfunctioning as a universal law, applicable as a general rule to every rationalagent. Since a moral will must be so in virtue of its form alone, the will mustbe capable of a purely formal determination that is, it must be possible for aman to act in a certain way for the sole reason that willing in this way isprescribed by a universal l aw, no matter what the empirical results will be.A will to which moral considerations apply must be, in the strictest sense,a free will, one that can function independently of the laws of naturalcausality. The concept of morality, therefore, has to be explained in terms of auniversal moral law, and the ability to will in obedience to such a law leads usto postulate the freedom. The freedom which Kant is talking about, is not only anegative freedom consisting in the absence of constraint by empirical causes, itis also a positive freedom which consists in the ability to make acts of will inaccordance with the moral law, for no other reason than that they are inaccordance with it. Freedom, in this sense, corresponds to Autonomy of the willand its absence ( any situation in which the will is determined by externalcauses ) is called Heteronomy. In obeying the moral law for the sake of the lawalone, the will is autonomous because it is obeying a law which it imposes onitself.... ...e per son, as Reason, as belonging to theintellectual world, is not affected by the laws of Determinism he is free. Thisis Kants proof of Freedom. Is it satisfactory?Later on, in the Critics of Practical Reason, Kant does not attempt todeduce synthetically Morality from Freedom, as he tried to do in the Groundingby stating that Freedom was the necessary condition for Morality, but he assumesthe moral law as a fact of the reason from which he infers Freedom. There havebeen critics blaming Kant of a sort of vicious circle, because he seemed todemonstrate Freedom by means of deduction from Morality and then to show thepossibility of the Categorical Imperative deducing it from Freedom. Kant answersthat there is no vicious circle because in the ontological order Freedom is thecondition for Morality ( it is not possible to follow the duty for the duty ifyou are not free), but in the order of our knowledge, the moral law is therequirement for Freedom ( we would not consider ourselves free, if we did notthink of ourselves as subject to the moral law). Freedom is the ratio essendi ofthe moral law, but the moral law is the ratio cognoscendi of Freedom.

Freedom and Reason In Kant Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Freedom and moderateness in KantMorality, Kant says, can non be regarded as a set of convenings which prescribethe means necessary to the movement of a given end its rules must be obeyedwithout consideration of the consequences that will take in from doing so or not.A principle that presupposes a desired aim as the determinant of the willcannot give rise to a good legality that is, the incorruptity of an act of will cannotbe determined by the count or content of the will for when the will ismaterially determined the question of its religion does not arise.This consideration leads Kant to one of his most important theses. If themoral book of facts of willing is not determined by the content of what is willed,it must be determined by the form If a rational being can trust of his maximsas universal rightfulnesss, he can do so nevertheless by considering them as principles whichcontain the determining ground of the will because of their form and not becauseof their matter. Therefore, the morality of a maxim is determined by itsfunctioning as a universal law, applicable as a general rule to every rationalagent. Since a moral will must be so in virtue of its form alone, the will mustbe assailable of a purely formal determination that is, it must be possible for a creation to act in a certain way for the fix reason that willing in this way isprescribed by a universal law, no matter what the empirical results will be.A will to which moral considerations apply must be, in the strictest sense,a free will, one that can function on an individual basis of the laws of naturalcausality. The concept of morality, therefore, has to be explained in terms of auniversal moral law, and the ability to will in obedience to such a law leads usto postulate the freedom. The freedom which Kant is talking about, is not only anegative freedom consisting in the absence of constraint by empirical causes, itis besides a positive freedom which consists in the ability to bede vil acts of will inaccordance with the moral law, for no other reason than that they are inaccordance with it. Freedom, in this sense, corresponds to Autonomy of the willand its absence ( any(prenominal) situation in which the will is determined by externalcauses ) is called Heteronomy. In obeying the moral law for the sake of the lawalone, the will is autonomous because it is obeying a law which it imposes onitself.... ...e person, as Reason, as belonging to theintellectual world, is not affected by the laws of Determinism he is free. Thisis Kants proof of Freedom. Is it satisfactory?Later on, in the Critics of Practical Reason, Kant does not attempt todeduce synthetically Morality from Freedom, as he tried to do in the Groundingby stating that Freedom was the necessary check up on for Morality, but he assumesthe moral law as a fact of the reason from which he infers Freedom. There havebeen critics blaming Kant of a sort of vicious round, because he seemed todemonstrate Freedom by means of deduction from Morality and then to show the fortuity of the Categorical Imperative deducing it from Freedom. Kant answersthat there is no vicious circle because in the ontological order Freedom is thecondition for Morality ( it is not possible to follow the duty for the duty ifyou are not free), but in the order of our knowledge, the moral law is therequirement for Freedom ( we would not consider ourselves free, if we did not think of ourselves as subject to the moral law). Freedom is the ratio essendi ofthe moral law, but the moral law is the ratio cognoscendi of Freedom. Freedom and Reason In Kant Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical EssaysFreedom and Reason in KantMorality, Kant says, cannot be regarded as a set of rules which prescribethe means necessary to the achievement of a given end its rules must be obeyedwithout consideration of the consequences that will follow from doing so or not.A principle that presupposes a desired object as the determina nt of the willcannot give rise to a moral law that is, the morality of an act of will cannotbe determined by the matter or content of the will for when the will ismaterially determined the question of its morality does not arise.This consideration leads Kant to one of his most important theses. If themoral character of willing is not determined by the content of what is willed,it must be determined by the form If a rational being can think of his maximsas universal laws, he can do so only by considering them as principles whichcontain the determining ground of the will because of their form and not becauseof their matter. Therefore, the morality of a maxim is determined by itsfunctioning as a universal law, applicable as a general rule to every rationalagent. Since a moral will must be so in virtue of its form alone, the will mustbe capable of a purely formal determination that is, it must be possible for aman to act in a certain way for the sole reason that willing in this way ispr escribed by a universal law, no matter what the empirical results will be.A will to which moral considerations apply must be, in the strictest sense,a free will, one that can function independently of the laws of naturalcausality. The concept of morality, therefore, has to be explained in terms of auniversal moral law, and the ability to will in obedience to such a law leads usto postulate the freedom. The freedom which Kant is talking about, is not only anegative freedom consisting in the absence of constraint by empirical causes, itis also a positive freedom which consists in the ability to make acts of will inaccordance with the moral law, for no other reason than that they are inaccordance with it. Freedom, in this sense, corresponds to Autonomy of the willand its absence ( any situation in which the will is determined by externalcauses ) is called Heteronomy. In obeying the moral law for the sake of the lawalone, the will is autonomous because it is obeying a law which it impos es onitself.... ...e person, as Reason, as belonging to theintellectual world, is not affected by the laws of Determinism he is free. Thisis Kants proof of Freedom. Is it satisfactory?Later on, in the Critics of Practical Reason, Kant does not attempt todeduce synthetically Morality from Freedom, as he tried to do in the Groundingby stating that Freedom was the necessary condition for Morality, but he assumesthe moral law as a fact of the reason from which he infers Freedom. There havebeen critics blaming Kant of a sort of vicious circle, because he seemed todemonstrate Freedom by means of deduction from Morality and then to show thepossibility of the Categorical Imperative deducing it from Freedom. Kant answersthat there is no vicious circle because in the ontological order Freedom is thecondition for Morality ( it is not possible to follow the duty for the duty ifyou are not free), but in the order of our knowledge, the moral law is therequirement for Freedom ( we would not consi der ourselves free, if we did notthink of ourselves as subject to the moral law). Freedom is the ratio essendi ofthe moral law, but the moral law is the ratio cognoscendi of Freedom.

Age Of Technology Essay

We are authorizedly in the age of technology, but with every(prenominal) technology that is available, where does the line of privacy lie? More and more technical foul gadgets are being tested and manufactured for the convenience of individuals to enjoy them in the privacy of their own homes. Also, any business or public place you come across with most analogously be ran by the aid of some sort of technical gadget.Society has become so used to this, no one in reality questions when personal information is asked to be shared to a complete stranger and typed or scanned into a pitch of technology. Who knows where all of this information is going? With emails, cell phones, and google, its virtually impossible NOT to get someones personal information.Emails are something thats getting sent on a daily can all day every day. With having to set up email accounts, which ask for your social security numbers are basically your fingerprint, is an open door for mint to find out any inform ation they want to about you. Typically, some companies use company email addresses for memos that need to get to employees or company executives or any personal emails that need to be shared. With company emails come company email policies that will explain why the emails were provided and what is not acceptable content to twisting through email.In the Michael A. Smyth v. The Pillsbury club case, Mr. Smith and another employee were terminated for exchanging emails that made threats to sales managers and made rude comments about certain company events. Mr. Smith sued the Pillsbury Company for violating public policy by committing a tort known as invasion of privacy. In the policy, Pillsbury stated that all employee emails were going to remain cloak-and-dagger and privileged including plaintiff.On these grounds, Smith thought he had a case against the Pillsbury Company, but as the defendant (Pillsbury) pointed out, the company wants to keep their employees safe so the common emai l checks to ensure that nothing illegal or disrespectful is being sent to any member of the company employees that utilize the email provided by the company. To Pillsbury this was a liable enough reason and invasion of privacy was not relevant.To me, this goes along with other popular gadgets and social networks such as smartphones, Facebook, and Google. All of these are intertwined because they all are things that society virtually live off of but it can break off you the birth place of any human being if you just knew a few simple things.With Smartphones you can surf the web, sign your phone onto any email account (where your social security number is ALWAYS need), and satellite waves called Wi-Fi or Wireless Local Area Network. Wi-Fi can pick up anyones smartphone and or computer and can receive the carriers information like telephone numbers or even where this individual livesThis could probably be a disadvantage or an advantage depending on the situation. If I was lost, say fo r instance, if I used a smartphone, my actions could be traced and I could possibly be found. On the other hand, if I was trying to stay away from someone, they could use Wi-Fi or mesh to track me and see where my last location was.With Google and Facebook these are things I feel are inevitable. If you beat ever paid a bill online, signed up for anything, or searched for something via web, your personal information is already out there for the grabbing Billions and billions people use Google and Facebook on a daily basis. If you have signed up for facebook and you have conceived a Facebook page, you can be googled The USA Patriot scrap that stands for, Uniting (and) Strengthening America (by) Providing Appropriate Tools Required (to) Intercept (and) Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001. This Act was enforced and signed by President Bush after the September 11th disaster.A four year extension of the Act was withal signed via autopen by President Obama which gave protection to governmen t officials when roving wiretaps, business records, and other personal information that could possibly help government relations in the long run. I personally agree with the truth.We are in the world of electronics and technology. Everything we own, every business we run or visit, and every website we search is tracking us. If a serial Facebook rapist was out to get me, by him sending me an inbox message on Facebook or even being my friend on Facebook, he could slow be tracked down through those just seemingly small thing. There are other things like ancestors.com that could help you finish the missing piece of your family tree.Even though privacy is a big part of being an individual, you have to be mindful of the things you do when it comes to the internet and technology. There are certain ways for you to maintain individual privacy such as not putting your phone on speaker or using headphones when you listen to music.The law doesnt prohibit the right to conversation but when the conversation is done through texting, if it gets leaked, whos at fault? Its your right to have a cell phone but is it the other person you text their right to repeat it? When the send button was pressed you gave up your right to the confidentiality of that conversation. So to me, its just life. I try to keep what I can to myself but once I cross that line of internet service I give up a little piece of privacy with every search, download, or sign up.

Meaning of Justice in Islam Essay

Meaning of jurist in islam In the Islamic worldview, justice denotes placing things in their just place. It also means giving others equal treatment. In Islam, justice is also a moral virtue and an attribute of human personality, as it is in the horse opera tradition. Justice is close to equality in the sense that it creates a state of equilibrium in the distribution of rights and duties, but they are not identical. Sometimes, justice is achieved through inequality, like in unequal distribution of wealth.The Prophet of Islam declared There are seven categories of people whom God will shelter under His specter on the Day when there will be no shade except His. One is the just leader. (Saheeh Muslim) God spoke to His Messenger in this manner O My slaves, I have forbidden injustice for Myself and forbade it also for you. So avoid creation unjust to one another. (Saheeh Muslim) Thus, justice represents moral rectitude and fairness, since it means things should be where they belong . The importance of justiceThe Quran, the sacred scripture of Islam, considers justice to be a supreme virtue. It is a basic objective of Islam to the degree that it stands next in order of priority to belief in Gods exclusive right to worship (Tawheed) and the lawfulness of Muhammads prophethood. God declares in the Quran God commands justice and fair dealing (Quran 1690) And in another passage O you who believe, be upright for God, and (be) bearers of witness with justice (Quran 58) Therefore, one may break up that justice is an obligation of Islam and injustice is forbidden.The centrality of justice to the Quranic value system is displayed by the following verse We sent Our Messengers with clear signs and sent down with them the Book and the tax in order to establish justice among the people (Quran 5725) The phrase Our Messengers shows that justice has been the goal of all revelation and scriptures sent to humanity. The verse also shows that justice must be measured and imp lemented by the standards and guidelines set by revelation. Islams approach to justice is comprehensive and all-embracing.Any path that leads to justice is deemed to be in harmony with Islamic Law. God has demanded justice and, although He has not prescribed a specific route, has provided general guidelines, on how to achieve it. He has neither prescribed a fixed means by which it support be obtained, nor has He declared invalid any particular means or methods that can lead to justice. Therefore, all means, procedures, and methods that facilitate, refine, and advance the cause of justice, and do not violate the Islamic Law are valid. Equality in justiceThe Quranic standards of justice slip away considerations of race, religion, color, and creed, as Muslims are commanded to be just to their friends and foes alike, and to be just at all levels, as the Quran puts it O you who believe Stand out steadfastly for justice, as witnesses to Allah, even if it be against yourselves, your par ents, and your relatives, or whether it is against the rich or the poor (Quran 4135) According to another Quranic passage Let not the hatred of a people swerve you away from justice.Be just, for this is closest to righteousness (Quran 58) With regards to relations with non-Muslims, the Quran further states God does not forbid you from doing good and being just to those who have neither fought you over your faith nor evicted you from your homes (Quran 608) The scholars of the Quran have concluded that these rulings apply to all nations, followers of all faiths, as a matter of fact to all humanity. In the view of the Quran, justice is an obligation.That is why the Prophet was told If you judge, judge in the midst of them with justice (Quran 542) We have revealed to you the scripture with the truth that you may judge between people by what God has taught you. (Quran 4105) Furthermore, the Prophet was sent as a judge between peoples, and told Say I believe in the Scripture, which Go d has sent down, and I am commanded to judge justly between you (Quran 4215) The Quran views itself as a scripture given up mainly to laying down the principles of faith and justice.The Quran demands that justice be met for all, and that it is an inherent right of all human beings under Islamic Law. The timeless commitment of the Quran to the basic standards of justice is found in its declaration And the Word of your Lord has been fulfilled in truth and in justice. None can reposition His Words. (Quran 6115) To render justice is a trust that God has conferred on the human being and, like all other trusts, its fulfillment must be guided by a sense of responsibility beyond mere conformity to set rules.Thus, the Quran states God commands you to render trusts to whom they are due, and when you judge between people, judge with justice (Quran 458) The reference to justice which immediately follows a reference to fulfillment of trusts indicates that it is one of the most important of a ll trusts. Justice and the self The Quranic concept of justice also extends justice to being a personal virtue, and one of the standards of moral excellence that a believer is encouraged to attain as part of his God-consciousness.

Lost Names

True Identity There cornes a point In time In an Individuals life In which their name truly becomes a part of their identity. A name is more than just a title to differentiate people It Is d part of the person. In Lost Names Scenes from d Korean Boyhood by Ric arduous E. Kim, names play a major role on the characters identities. The absence and importance of the names in the news report make the report card rich with detail and identity through something as simple as the name of a character. Names are a slgnlflcant actor affecting the story and the characters throughout the novel Lost Names.When the Koreans are compel to change their family names to Japanese ones, their Korean identity is weakened. Going through this traumatizing experience is extremely hard for the Korean people because their family name is everything to them. To the Koreans, the family name Is the provided legacy we hand down to the next generation and the next and the next (113). Taking forth their family nam e communicates away their culture and attempts to convert them to the Japanese way of living, The family does ot react well to the situation, as their true names must be erased forever.The day that this takes place Is known as a day of mourning among exclusively of the Koreans. They maln characters experiences this loss first had with his grandfather and father both grieving. Lowering their faces, their tears flowing now unchecked, their foreheads and snow-covered hairs-breadth touching the snow on the ground. l, too, let my face fall and touch the snow (1 11). The family name is a big deal in the Korean culture, and being force to change this completely devastates the entire family.A name gives people so much about themselves, and being stripped ot It can cause many Issues. Similarly, not unconstipated having a name can suggest some comparable issues. The way that the characters do not have any names suggests that they are lost. Richard Kim refers to the characters as Student- of-the-Day, Teacher-of-the-Day, Japanese teacher, Principal, and many more titles throughout the entire novel. He defines each character by their position. Calling a character by their position suggests that that is the only thing ot importance related to them.The way that they are not given specific names shows their Importance and Identity. l call the names of one of my friends You take charge while I am gone (130). The principal tells the policeman who I am, the son of (130). Kim does not specifically refer to d person In the class, Instead any one, He refuses to write out the tathers name. The main characters name is never given either. Not giving specific names to each and every character of the story makes the reader wonder what the most essential part of a story missing really means.Each character is portrayed as a general position and nothing more. All of these characters must have the same general or stereotypical personality ds the rest of their grouping in which they are categorized. The importance ot a name is the underlying identity ot the character. Along with unidentified characters. the title of this novel also portrays the Importance of names. The title of this concord relates to many aspects of the story. Lost Names alludes to the fact that the names of the characters in the story are lost.It corresponds to the Identity crisis that most of the characters In the story go that are forced under the Japanese occupation. The conservation of the main characters name makes readers ponder upon the significance of the title of the book the lost name of this story is this lost identity of the Korean population living under tyranny. In the subtitle Scenes from a Korean Boyhood, the author does not state the novel to be his boyhood, but rather suggests a boyhood. Kim chooses to leave this pronoun out in order to prove a more generalized view of humanity.The readers ould be forced to make these characters a general image so that a concluded common idea for them is The people of Korea are having their identity stolen. The rights of the Korean people are not being granted. Their culture is all together being stolen. A similar thing is happening in America today. The National Security Agency, which is a part of the United States federal government, is monitor many United States citizens personal matters. The agency has the power to access any information that they feel necessary including Internet searches, text messages, and hone calls.

Past Movements in Education and Analysis of Curricuar Reforms Essay

For an individual, it must be treated as a continuous process that should non end when graduation rites in each feature level of schooling are being held. True reading is life, it must always be a part of our daily living, whether done formal or informal means. Educational systems in ecumenic, and educational curriculum in particular, besides need not to be static. The curriculum should respond to the demands of a fast-changing society. To some extent, it should also be global or internationally-aligned.These are the reasons why foreign and local educational educators in the past and until now have been introducing educational reforms and innovations. They have been look for means to address the problems being met in the machineation of a certain curriculums and to ensure the total development of e very(prenominal) give awayer. I. The Past Movements for Social Change in the School System Social change affects education. Centuries ago, pioneers of education have sought to int roduce re bracingal in education. Their ideas were far ahead than the actual renewal that took drift after on.Among them were Commenius, Condorcet, Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel, Dewey, Drecoly, Montessori and Freinet. 1. Johann Amos Commenius -Father of Modern Education Most permanent educational influences a. practical educational work Comenius was first a get winder and an organizer of schools, not only among his feature people, but later in Sweden, and to a slight extent in Holland. In his Didactica Magna (Great Didactic), he outlined a system of schools that is the look at counterpart of the existing American system of kindergarten, elementary school, secondary school, college, and university.Didactica Magna is an educational treatise which aimed to seek and find a method of control by which teachers may teach less but learners may learn more, by which the school may be the scene of less noise, aversion, and useless labor, but of more leisure, enjoyment and square(a) prog ress and through which the Christian community may have less darkness, perplexity (confusion) and dissension (disagreement), but on the other hand, more light, orderliness, peace and rest. b. formulating the normal possibleness of education In this respect he is the forerunner of Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel, etc. and is the first to formulate that idea of education according to nature so prestigious during the latter part of the eighteenth and early part of the nineteenth century. c. the subject matter and method of education -exerted through a series of textbooks of an entirely new nature His published works Janua Linguarum Reserata (The Gateway of Language Unlocked) contained his conviction (certainty) that one of the prerequisites for effective educational reform was a fundamental change in wrangle of instruction.Orbis Pictus (The World of Sensible Things Pictured) contributed to the development of the principles of audio-visual interaction. It was the first successful ap plications of illustrations to the work of teaching, but not the first illustrated book for tiddlerren. Schola Ludus (School as Play) a detailed exposition of the school of thought that all learning should be made interesting, dramatic and stimulating.These texts were all based on the resembling fundamental ideas (1) learning foreign languages through the vernacular (2) obtaining ideas through objects rather than words (3) starting with objects most familiar to the pincer to introduce him to both the new language and the more remote world of objects (4) giving the babe a comprehensive experience of his environment, physical and social, as well as instruction in religious, moral, and classical subjects (5) making this acquisition of a compendium of knowledge a pleasure rather than a task and (6) making instruction universal.He also developed the pansophic scheme, the view that education should take the whole of homophile knowledge as its universe. For him, truth was indivisib le and was to be seen as a whole. Thus by relating each subject to every other subject and to general principles, pansophia was to make the learner capable of wisdom. 2. Marquis De Condorcet Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat took his title Marquis de Condorcet from the town of Condorcet in Dauphine. He advocated that the aims of education were o cultivate in each generation the physical, intellectual and moral facilities and, thereby contribute to the general and gradual improvement of the human race. He envisioned a national system of public education designed to develop the natural talents of all, making real equality possible. His proposals of the five levels of public instructions areas follows 1. Elementary- for the teaching of the elements of all knowledge (reading, writing, arithmetic, morals, economics and natural wisdom)and would be compulsory for all four years 2.Secondary school- of three years duration, teaching grammar, memorial and geography, one foreign languag e, the mechanical arts, law and mathematics. The teaching at this and the first level would be non-specialized. 3. Institutes- accountable for substituting reasoning for eloquence and books for speech, and for bringing philosophy and the physical science methodology into the moral sciences. The teaching at this level would be more specialized.Pupils would choose their own course of study (at least two courses a year) from among four classes mathematics and physics, moral and political sciences, science as applied to the arts, and literature and fine arts. 4. Lycee the equivalent of universities, with the same classes as the institutes and where all the sciences are taught in full. It is there that scholars-teachers receive their further discipline. Education at this and the first three levels was to be entirely free of charge. 5.National Society of Science and the Arts a research institute responsible for supervising the formal education system as a whole and for appointing teac hers. Its role would be one of scientific and pedagogical research. 3. Jean Jacques Rousseau According to the history of education, he was the first great writer to insist that education should be based upon the nature of the child. Rousseaus Emile is a kind of half treatise, half impudent that tells the life story of a fictional man named Emile.In the history of education, the significant contributions of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi are 1) his educational philosophy and instructional method that encouraged pure intellectual, moral, and physical development Pestalozzis most systematic work, How Gertrude Teaches Her Children (1801) was a critique of conventional schooling and a prescription for educational reform. Rejecting corporal punishment, rote memorization, and bookishness, Pestalozzi envisioned schools that were homelike institutions where teachers actively engaged students in learning by sensory experiences.Such schools were to educate individuals who were well rounded intel lectually, morally, and physically. Through engagement in activities, students were to learn useful vocations that complemented their other studies. 2) his methodology of empirical sensory learning, especially through object lessons Pestalozzi designed object lessons in which children, guided by teachers, examined the form (shape), rate (quantity and weight) of objects, and named them after direct experience with them. 3) his use of activities, excursions, and nature studies that anticipated Progressive education. He also emphasized the importance of the nature of the child and propounded (advocated) that in the educational process, the child must be thought in relation to the subject matter. He sought to understand the nature of the child and to build his teaching some the natural, progressive and harmonious development of all the powers and capacities.He is an advocate of each mans right to education and of societys duty to implement that right and pave the way to universal nati onal education. His motto Learning by head, hand and heart is still a key principle in successful 21st-century schools. 5. Friedrich Froebel The German educator, Friedrich Froebel, was one of these pioneers of early childhood educational reform. Froebels educational principles a) free self-activity As an educator, Froebel believed that stimulating voluntary self-activity in the young child was the necessary form of pre-school education (Watson, 1997a).Self-activity is defined as the development of qualities and skills that make it possible to take an invisible idea and make it a reality self-activity involves formulating a purpose, planning out that purpose, and then acting on that plan until the purpose is realized (Corbett, 1998a). Corbett suggests that one of Froebels significant contributions to early childhood education was his theory of introducing play as a means of engaging children in self-activity for the purpose of externalizing their inner natures. ) creativity Froebel d esigned a series of instructional materials that he called gifts and occupations, which show certain relationships and led children in comparison, testing, and creative exploration activities (Watson, 1997b).A gift was an object provided for a child to play withsuch as a sphere, cube, or cylinderwhich helped the child to understand and internalize the concepts of shape, dimension, size, and their relationships (Staff, 1998). The occupations were items such as aints and clay which the children could use to make what they wished through the occupations, children externalized the concepts existing indoors their creative minds (Staff, 1998). Therefore, through the childs own self-activity and creative imaginative play, the child would begin to understand both the inner and outer properties of things as he moves through the developmental stages of the educational process. c) social participation A third component of Froebels educational plan involved working closely with the family unit .Froebel believed that parents provided the first as well as the most consistent educational influence in a childs life. Since a childs first educational experiences occur within the family unit, he is already familiar with the home d) motor expression Motor expression, which refers to learning by doing as opposed to following rote instructions, is a very important aspect of Froebels educational principles. Froebel did not believe that the child should be placed into societys mold, but should be allowed to shape his own mold and grow at his own pace through the developmental stages of the educational process. 6. John DeweyHe contributed the educational philosophy which maintains that education is life, education is result and education is a continuous reconstruction of human experiences from the beginning to the end of life. He was the spokes person of progressive education which states that aims have significance only for persons, not for processes such as education, and arise onl y in response to problematic situations in ongoing activities. Aims are to be viewed as anticipated outcomes of transactions, as built-in aspects of the process of problem-solving, and as a motivating force behind the individuals approach to problem-solving situations.The Progressive Education Association, inspired by Deweys ideas, later codified his doctrines as follows a. The conduct of the pupils shall be governed by themselves, according to the social needs of the community. b. Interest shall be the motive for all work. c. Teachers will inspire a desire for knowledge, and will serve as guides in the investigations undertaken, rather than as task-masters. d. Scientific study of each pupils development, physical, mental, social and spiritual, is absolutely inbred to the intelligent direction of his development. . Greater attention is paid to the childs physical needs, with greater use of the out-of-doors. f. Cooperation between school and home will charter all needs of the chil ds development such as music, dancing, play and other extra-curricular activities. g. All progressive schools will look upon their work as of the laboratory type, giving freely to the sum of educational knowledge the results of their experiments in child culture. He believed that education has two sides the psychological and the social on the same plane.Education must start from the psychological nature of the child as the basis for directing his energies into totally useful channels. Schools must be set up to include bond the individual and social goals. The needs of a new society are to be taken into consideration in modifying methods and curriculum. 7. Ovide Decroly He influenced instruction in the kindergarten, the aim of which was to guide the childs desire for activity and to give him a sense of discipline and norms for his social behavior (same with Dewey) 8. female horse Montessori Maria Montessori left a long lasting mark on education around the world.

Chinese Women in the 21st Century Essay

There would be no new mainland China without the Communist Party, Ive heard of this saying since I was a little child. From then on, the Communist Party has left a deep and giant impression on me. China makes great progress under the leadership of the Communist Party which has always been the belief of China. Ive been told that it would be a great honor to be a party member. So now I am a party member and the Chinese belief becomes my genuine belief. However, as growing up, I acquire to wonder whether all the party members can regard the Communist party as their belief all the term and whether they are doing the things the party member should do.The arrange is so disappointed. The power of Chinese belief and the awareness of Chinese people of supporting the belief are becoming weaker and weaker. China needs a unanimous and strong advocate of the belief. Many people can establish the belief of becoming a party member, but they cant follow their schoolmaster belief all the lifeti me. Gradually they lose themselves in the debauchery lives and they forget what they have said under the flag. Other people without party affiliation are harder to see their own belief clearly.A nation without definite belief is lamentable and horrible because it can be easily destroyed by the distant rumor. Chinese dream of need a power to hold the belief is the same as my dream. We are facing the similar situation. It is easy for me to set up a goal, but I cant carry out the goal from beginning to end. Sometimes the obstacles or the outside environment make me break down up the goal. I lack the perseverance. I lack the power to hold the goal. I m a member of the Communist Party, but Im not true of the name for the reason Ive mentioned above.After many years, I m afraid of becoming the kind of person I disliked before. I m afraid of losing myself in the busy world. I m afraid of forget all the dream and belief made when I was young. I really need the power to help me hold the be lief. China is developing and I m growing. We all share the same dream. China needs the citizens to raise themselves and I need the self-awakening. The glamour of the surface must be very vulnerable. We should be tested by the time. Only holding the belief all the time can we go further towards the success. Chinese dream is my dream. Hoping the dream comes true.

Human Behavior and Environment Essay

1. Every person we come into adjoin with on a daily basis is able to teach us a little something ab come forward life. You just have to be open to training. This particular counselor who was introduced to Steve for whatever cosmic reason, but left the encounter more intimate about the human condition than when initially introduced. At first glance and without copeing any background on Steve the counselor could have just chalked Steve up as a special needs student who in no bearing was going to succeed being away from home.The councilor however took time out and got to know his student and found all the triumphs that he had been faced with and had overcome throughout the years. The counselor was able to determine that this student was in no way going to give up and fall between the cracks due to a series of unfortunate events. Every child I come in contact with on a daily basis has their own story, many of which be heart wrenching or unnerving, but yet many persevere and willin g become productive members of society because someone along the way has showed that they care. 2.Steve was able to benefit just as much as the counselor through this interaction. He was able to persevere and complete his education. All that Steve needed was for someone else to also see the end of the tunnel as well as he power saw it. Having someone on the same page and able to stand with you through your goals is beneficial to all those involved not just the single individual with the goal. I think the biggest push anyone could ever get is having someone who does not know you say you cant do that it provides all the more motivation to ascend them wrong.According to the National Organization of adult male Services (NOHS), a code of ethics is an explicit statement of the values, principles, and the rules of a profession, regulating the conduct of its members (Barker, 2001, p. 84) There are two statements found in the NOHS though that best summarize this code and make it applicabl e to the field in which I am currently surround by. STATEMENT 45 Human service educators demonstrate full commitment to their appointed responsibilities, and are enthusiastic about and encouraging of students learning.STATEMENT 46 Human service educators model the personal attributes, values and skills of the human service professional, including but not limited to, the willingness to examine and respond to feedback from students. In reading Steves journey on the Heros Path there is an identifiable moment that relates to my current position that I have been witness to and assisted with. As a guidance secretary for a public school I have seen man types of students walk through our door.Our most recent students who have come in search of a chance to blend in with a traditional student body are two students who found themselves being best familiaritys in spite of each others complex issues. One is an overweight 16 year old and suffers from Prader-Willi Syndrome and sneaks food from our cafeteria any chance he gets. The other a 17 year old was born with malformation of the mouth and hands. Both are part of our special education program. Because of their outward appearances, both are shunned by the other student, which has had very little effect on them.To assist them in this effort of blending in our Administrative Resource Teacher, who is popular and liked by the student body because of her understanding and helpful nature has essentially deputized these two during our busiest lunch period. In order to keep the child with Prader-Willi from stealing uneaten food and his friend from stealing anything for him, they eat their lunch and when they are done, are placed on crime watch patrol around the perimeter of the school, with our ART. The child with Prader-Willi gets exercise and it removes him from alluring treats left behind by students such as milk and chips.Both also get the satisfaction of knowing that despite their abnormalities they are regular students . During peppiness assemblies when the excited student body is a little overwhelming, these students also know that my office is a safe haven for them. They know that they must do mildew alphabetizing or organizing but they each have a task. Ive heard many of our administrators repeat this saying time and time again you need to know our students, in order to teacher them, the same applies in any interaction with them.Students dont just learn in the four walls of a classroom, they learn in every kind of environment. If you make that environment one in which they are comfortable students will return time after time to seek your guidance and model attributes they found and have seen demonstrated. References Halstead, Richard A. (2000, January). From tragedy to triumph counselor as companion on the heros journey. Counseling & Values, 44(2), 100. http//www. nationalhumanservices. org/ethical-standards-for-hs-professionals.

Kanoa K. Essay

Kanoa K. is by far one of the most unfor dumbfoundtable characters of my life. He is not only my boy conversance, he is my best friend, someone I know would help me through difficult times, and someone who has helped me through tough times. If Kanoa were a false character, it would be very difficult to determine whether he is a believable character. He is one of the most perfect and awesome people I know, devising him unbelievable. Kanoa is always helping his friends and me he has a kind heart and is a good person, which is something I only truly find in a a couple of(prenominal) individualists.Another thing that makes Kanoa an unbelievable character is his uniqueness. He is not your ordinary boy, Kanoa is masculine yet sensitive he knows himself very well and is different from most. Kanoa is a skater but isnt a jerk, punk or fool, I believe that this is because he knows what he is and what hes not, he doesnt let stereotypes get to him. It is not typical for a sixteen-year-old to know himself or herself so well.Some things make Kanoa Kruse a very believable character. He is a deep, complex individual who has hopes and dreams just as everyone else does. He has a direction in life an idea of what he wants to do with his future, a notion of what he wants his lifetime concern to be. Because Kanoa is a human being, he does make mistakes. Whenever Kanoa makes a mistake, he learns and grows from the experience.Kanoa has changed over the years, as anyone does. At first, he started of as a person I passed by in the hallways. The first day I saw him, I was eleven. I didnt know who he was, not even his name, the only thing I can remember thinking was, oh, hes cute. He was 13, an eighth grader. Since I was a sixth grader, the lowest class, I didnt make a single effort to know him he was just a pretty face. A year passed and I made some current friends, one of my friends was a fair-haired, English boy named Jacob. Jacob and I began to talk a lot one reoccurring topic of our conversation was Kanoa. Jacob told me that I would get along very well with Kanoa the three of use should hang out sometime. I didnt remember whom Jacob was talking about, I only knew Kanoa by face and not by name. Kanoa and I did not get to meet each other that year.In December 2007, I cut out my horoscope for that month out of a behavior magazine. My horoscope stated that on the twenty-sixth of this month, one of my close friends would try to hook me up with one of their friends. At the time, I just rolled my eyes and tacked the trimming to my corkboard, I didnt believe, even in my wildest dreams that this horoscope would come true. On December 26, I woke up to the buzzing of my cellphone, it was my close friend Jacob, He told me that his friend Kanoa valued to be hooked up with me. Jacob had been telling Kanoa about me and Kanoa wanted to give things a chance and see how they end up, I decided to accept his proffer and get to know him. Since then, Kanoa and I have bee n dating. At first, he started of as a pretty face, then he became a friend of a friend and now he is one of the most important people to me, I know he will always be here for me when I conduct him.

Week Six

practice session the Internet to research and evaluate two (2) commercial HR selective informationbase systems for your physical composition. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each system and, base on your knowledge of human resources and database systems, propose one (1) package that would fit the needs of your organization. Suggest trio (3) specific reasons why you would urge that system over the other. Capterra is a HR database turn inr that bathroom provide the needs an organization to help with their HR needs. Their fully integrated, web-based suite automates and simplifies carrying out appraisals, 360 degree feedback, learning management, term planning, compensation management, job descriptions and recruiting. Halogens products make HR best-practices devilible to companies of all sizes. They also offer specific suites to witness the unique needs of a variety of industries. (capterra. com) Waypoint open source and other web-based softw are applications ou tlined on this website guide been developed by HR-Fundamentals limited.Since 2002 HR-Fundamentals ltd has been providing online tools to help employers manage their staff and their business more effectively. Our friendly and comprehensible attitude enables us to work with different types of organizations, in numerous industries, across many continents, to deliver evident results to their business. HR-Fundamentals ltd offer a wide range of bespoke and personal services to employers, directors, line managers and employees. Our services implicate web based software applications and online employment related documentation available for immediate download. (waypointhr. om) wiz of the advantages that Capterra has to offers program that hind end track holiday and sick time, along providing software to process payroll. It handles HR needs such(prenominal) as pre-employment testing and background checks. Capterra assist with all onboarding needs such as appli shtupt tracking. Capte rra can assist with all of a companys recruitment needs. The disadvantage that Capterra has is there are a lot of choices to choose from, and the website doesnt seem to be easy to follow. The customer can easily be lost and whitethornbe conf subroutined on what type of service they may need to choose from.With Waypoint I feel it can provide more support what a company is feel for and the website is easier to understand. Customer bequeath get the feeling this company understand their needs and is willing to give them the service they are looking for. Waypoint specializes in HR Software and Web growth. They have modules that assist with Exit Interviews, HR Intranets, Online Appraisals, and Online Recruitment. The disadvantage that Waypoint may have is that their website is vague and it may give a potential customer the impression that it doesnt have the areas of expertise a company is looking for.I would propose the absence management online program Absence levels can be reduced th rough monitoring and management, sending employees a clear message that you take distemper absence seriously. Our web-based Online Absence Management software is easy-to-use and accessible from any PC via a web browser and includes many features to help you and your line managers monitor, manage and handle sickness, injury and medical related absences. (WaypointHR. com) I would recommend Waypoint because the services are on point with a customer needs. They can provide services such as online absences, and Exit Interview, and Online Intranet.These are basic services that most companies would like and want to promote. I would use Waypoint because it has the recognizes what companies needs are what they needs to make HRIS more efficient within the company. Waypoint specialty is Web Development and that is a must for HRIS to be utilized to its full capacity. To reduce using a lot of paper, Waypoint has an option that will allow important forms to be downloaded instead of always print ing forms out. Suggest three (3) efficiencies that an organization would gain from using a SAAS for its HRIS needs and three (3) inefficiencies from maintaining an MS Access-based database application. The efficiency of HRIS, the systems are able to assert more effective and faster outcomes than can be done on paper. Some of the many applications of HRIS are Clerical applications, applicant search expenditures, risk management, training management, training experiences, financial planning, turnover analysis, succession planning, flexible-benefits administration, shape with government regulations, attendance reporting and analysis, human resource planning, accident reporting and prevention and strategic planning.With the many different applications of HRIS, it is difficult to understand how the programs benefit companies without looking at companies that have already benefited from such programs. (ezinearticles. com) One such company is IBM. IBM has a paperless online enrollment p lan for all of its employees. Not only has the online enrollment deliver the company 1. 2 million per year on printing and mailing be, the employees enjoy working with the online plan. Since we began religious offering online enrollment, weve learned that employees want web access, Donnelly Senior Communications Specialist says, so they can log on at plateful rather than through the company intranet. So the company has been working to put in place a web-based enrollment system that employees and retirees can access from anywhere (Huering, 2003). By utilizing the flexible-benefits application HRIS has to offer, IBM was able to cut costs and give employees the freedom to discover their benefits on their own time and pace. (ezinearticles. om) The privacy of employee information has become a major issue in recent years. With identity theft becoming a common problem, employees are becoming more sensitive about who sees their personal information, and the security it is kept in. By m aking sure as shooting employee information that is kept in the HRIS is relevant to the company and making sure there is limited access (password protection) to such information, companies can make its employees more secure with the safety of their information. Whether electronic or paper, employee files deserve to be treated with great care.Establishing security and end-user privileges calls for a balance of incorporating, HR policy, system knowledge and day-to-day operations (OConnell, 1994). (ezinearticles. com) Illogically or inconsistently stored data can cause a number of problems. In a relational database, a logical and efficient design is just as critical. A poorly knowing database may provide erroneous information, may be difficult to use, or may even give out to work properly. Most of these problems are the result of two bad design features called redundant data and anomalies.Redundant data is unnecessary reoccurring data (repeating groups of data). Anomalies are any o ccurrence that weakens the integrity of your data callable to irregular or inconsistent storage (delete, insert and update irregularity, that generates the inconsistent data). (www. databasedev. co. uk) Assess the (3) most significant risks associated with combining products from treble marketers into one (1) HRIS. IaaS allows organizations to avoid the large capital expenses associated with infrastructure and data centers.It also has a low obstruction to entry and enables automated scaling. One negative aspect of IaaS is that it brings with it new security risks that require different measures. For example, due to stringent information requirements associated with regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX), enterprises must carefully assess where such information resides and mitigate any privacy risks. In addition, how well IaaS works is vendor dependent. (cloudcomputing. ys-con. com) The major drawback that must be mitigated is the security risk associated with centralization. In addition, since applications are centralized, version aver and updates are relatively headache free and deploying software becomes instantaneous. On the other hand, applications that are centralized precede enhanced security risks. (cloudcomputing. sys-con. com) Predict three (3) unintended consequences of not managing an HR database properly and how you would circumvent those situations from occurring.What is the meeting of a poorly structured performance management process? If individual goals are not adjust with business strategy, then time and resources are wasted. Low employee engagement levels may mean that individuals are not performing at their best. Inconsistent evaluation criteria and rewards can lead to mistrust, lower productivity and higher attrition. If assoil performers see no differentiation in performance ratings, opportunities and compensation from underperformers, morale can suffer.Lack of documentation, visibility, and accountability can negatively affect stakeholders who are demanding more and more transparency. If accurate performance information is unavailable or difficult to access, training and development decisions along with project assignment decisions may not be make in the companys or the individuals best interests. An annual process will not adequately alert managers to problems in a timely manner. Last, but not least, a lack of proper documentation related to performance may result in legal issues. (www. successfactors. com)

Amir as the Narrator Essay

The novel The Kite Runner is narrated by the important character, amir. The novels follows emirs struggling path from adolescence to manhood. Amir tells the story of his life growing up in Kabul with his yield, Baba and their two Hazara handmaidens Hassan and Ali. Hassan is Amirs half brother and best friend growing up testing friendships, keeping secrets, accepting faults and gaining understanding. The two spent many years enjoying playing and kite contend together as brothers. Amir describes his relationship with Hassan as very close and personal he enjoys scholarship and growing with Hassan even though Hassan is considered below him in their society expected to be a servant to Amir, not a companion.Although Hassan and Amirs relationship seemed unbreakable, the winter of 1975 changed everything. Amir tells us of the major kite fighting contest that happens every year with all the local kids. Soon after Amir wins the competition that year, tragedy occurs with Hassan in a back alley, he is raped by a neighborhood boy, Assef. Amir witnesses this and tells no one about it. This later unravels the relationship between him and Hassan resulting in Hassan and Ali leaving Amir and Babas home. Throughout the novel, Amir is completely changed from this event.Throughout the book Amir struggles to be the son his father, Baba wants him to be. He feels that his father burdens Amir with the death of his mother because she died giving birth to Amir. Amir tells how Baba is very critical of him and makes him feel as though he can never reach his fathers expectations. Amir feels as though he needs to fight with Hassan for his fathers approval. Although he never had an ideal relationship with Baba, Amir loves and respects him to the fullest. Baba guides Amir through life helping him in becoming the best man he can be. Later in the novel Amir realizes how much he appreciated Baba.

Icu Case Study

Case Study A 45 year old male was admitted to intensive c atomic number 18 unit chase an exploratory laparotomy which showed a ruptured appendix and peritonitis. The procedure began as a laparoscopic cholecystectomy but the initial finding was festering through emerge the peritoneal cavity and a normal gallbladder. An open exploratory laparotomy where a ruptured appendix was sight which was removed and a washout was performed. The unhurried of had a two day history of abdominal suffer prior to his admission through A&E. He had no previous medical examination or working(a) history. The uncomplaining smoked 20/day and drank alcohol at the workweekends.Once admitted to ICU, he was intubated and ventilated on bilevel airing and sedated with propofol and fentanyl. In theatre he received two litres of hartmanns solution as a fluid load, nevertheless in ICU was induced on maintenance of normal saline at 100mls/hr. Feeding was ruled out on admission as it was thought that the p atient would have extubated the fol first baseing day. However, the patient was in ICU six days prior to extubation, therefore TPN was commenced. Noradrenaline was utilize for a MAP supra 70mmhg rather than a fluid load. The patients clinical scenario was more in depth as outlined above.However, these argon outside the backcloth of this case study. The medical and nursing interventions discussed in this assignment is robotlike ventilation, total agnatic nutrition and vasopressors. Mechanical Ventilation Bilevel ventilation is a relatively new setting. (Mireles-Cabodevila et al, 2009) The ventilator maintains a high gear insistence setting for the bulk of the respiratory cycle, which is followed by a release of low nip. (Mireles-Cabodevila et al, 2009) The release to a low cheep is the expiration phase and assist the elimination of CO?.The release periods are kept short to prevent derecruitment of alveoli and encourage spontaneous breathing. (Mireles-Cabodevilla et al, 2009 ) The advantages of bilevel include an increase in mean alveolar pressure with recruitment, haemodynamic and ventilatory benefits and reduced sedation requirements. (Putensen et al, 2006) Analgesia and sedation is non only used for pain relief and fear but for mechanical ventilation comfort. (Putensen et al, 2006) This level batch reduced to aim of a Riker of 4, which a co-operative, antiphonary patient. Putensen et al, 2006) This reduces the need for more vasopressors to maintain a stable cardiovascular system. (Putensen et al, 2006) When first admitted the patients ventilatory settings were FiO2 0. 4 regularise 12 HiPeep 22 LoPEEP 5 PS 10 CXR showed bibasal atelectasis/consolidation ABG pH 7. 43 paCO? 33 paO? 74 HCO? 23 BE -0. 5 The pH is within normal limits, on the lower end, i. e. between 7. 35 7. 45. in that locationfore it is normal/alkalotic. The paCO? indicates an alkalotic value. This is used to assess the effectiveness of ventilation. (Coggon, 2008) PaO? is 74, wh ich is low as normal range is 80-110, which shows hypoxemia.PaO? is not interpreted in the patients acid-base status but indicates O? binding to haemoglobin. (Coggon, 2008) The HCO? is normal. The abutting step is to train the CO? , HCO? to the pH. The CO? and pH is on the alkalotic side of normal. thus it shows a respiratory disturbance. (Woodruff, 2009) The next step is to pick up if either compensation is occurring. To do this, the interpretor must look to see if either the CO? or HCO? go in the opposite direction of the pH. In which, in the ABG above, you can clearly see that it does although the HCO? is within normal range, which means no compensation is occurring. Woodruff, 2009) The full diagnosis is uncompensated respiratory alkalosis with hypoaxemia. The patient is more than apt(predicate) hyperventilating with poor gas exchange in view of the CXR. In reception to this ABG case ventilatory setting were changed to FiO2 0. 4 Rate 8 HiPEEP 22 LoPEEP 8 PS 14 ABG status setting change pH 7. 39 paO? 103 paCO? 36 HCO? 22 The rate was changed as the patient was blowing away too much CO? with the rate of 12 plus any spontaneous breaths he was doing. The patients goernment agency was rotten with a productive secretions and bibasal consolidation at the bases, seen in a repeat CXR.Suctioning resulted in comprise to large amounts of white sputum. The patients wife stated that he had been suffering from a cold for one week prior to admission. whence an increase in PEEP (Hi and Lo) was required to recruit the alveoli and aid in pricy gas exchange. (Dellinger at al, 2007) It is recommended that positive end expiratory pressure is set to avoid extensive lung smash on expiration. (Dellinger et al, 2007) Maintaining pressure and spontaneous breathing resulted in an increase in arterial oxygenation and helped prevent a deterioration in pulmonary gas exchange. Putensen et al 2006) Studies have been carried out to determine whether high PEEP increases patien ts offsprings. These include the ALVEOLI study and the Lung Open Ventilation (LOV). These studies do not show an improvement on fatality rate with the increase in PEEP however show a decrease in days on the ventilator. (Mercat et al 2008) The patients by rights side was worse than the left on the CXR and auscultation. Therefore he was beingness positioned right side up and his back on pressure area sustentations. Repositioning patients not only protects the patients fur but it also improves gas exchange and decrease the risk of ventilator acquired pneumonia. Deutschmann and Neligan, 2010) Positioning the patient with the genuine lung down may improve paO? and aid in the drainage of secretion. (Deutschmann and Neligan, 2010) Elevating the head of the bed also support recruitment of alveoli at the bases and again decreases the risk of ventilator acquired pneumonia. (Deutschmann and Neligan, 2010) All of the above interventions by nursing and medical staff were to improve the patients outcome and aid extubation once the patients chest improved and any other factors affect the patients ability to self-ventilate. Total Parenteral NutritionIt is seen as appropriate time-scale of 1 3 days that operative patients commence normal diets. (Braga et al, 2009) As the patient was intubated and ventilated, no feeding was commenced until day three. The main goal of nutritional back down is to avoid starvation in the aim to support post-operative rec all overy, and maintain the patients normal body functions. (Braga et al, 2009) Malnutrition decreases patients outcomes within the particular care setting. (Artinian et al, 2006) Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was commenced at 40mls/hr as per the ICU Drs orders.The dietician reviewed the patient and suggested the goal rate was 81mls/hr, which the feed was slowly increase to over two days. this is because of the risk of referring syndrome. Refeeding syndrome is a syndrome consisting of metabolous disturbances that o ccur as a result of reinstitution of patients who have been starved or malnourished. (Shils et al, 2006) The medical and nursing squad must keep a close eye on the patients bloods. Although this is measuring stick make with all patients in ICU. Refeeding syndrome can cause a multitude of complications including, neurological, pulmonary, cardiac and hematologic. Assiotisa and Elenin, 2010) The use of the dietician greatly reduces the risk of over-feeding. (Ziegler, 2009) However, the consensus is the patients are underfed as medical teams are conservative in their approach of prescribing rates. (Faisy et al, 2009) Although the dieticians are heavily tangled in the ICU that the patient in this study is, recent studies have shown that this is a good standard of care, as this helps doctors and nurses focus on early nutrition prescribed at the correct rate. (Faisy et al, 2009) The most used formulae used to predict goal rate is 25/kcal/kg ideal body weight. Braga et al, 2009) Howeve r in intubated patients, there is a fluctuating in resting energy expenditure collect to the use of sedatives, analgesics and vasopressors causing confusion over energy given and uptake. (Faisy et al, 2009) The bag of TPN the patient had is ?. This is appropriate as patients requiring TPN need a full range of vitamins and trace elements daily. (Braga et al, 2009) Enteral nutrition is widely used in ICU payable to the increased risk of TPN induced catheter-related sepsis, cost and multi-organ failure. Faisy et al 2009) However, surgical patients are less likely to receive enteral nutrition compared to medical patients. (Elke et al, 2008) Previous studies investigating critical ill abdominal surgical patients suggested that early feeding is beneficial. (Artinian et al, 2006) Nevertheless, another report suggested it did more harm than good, resulting in an increase of infections. (Artinian et al, 2006) The current recommendations, is that patients whom are expected to commence a nor mal intake should be started on parenteral nutrition. Singer et al, 2009) The patient who was still sedated and ventilated at this stage falls under the recommendations. His bowel sounds were scant and he did not have a bowel motion since admission. The surgeons were reluctant to commence feeding with the absence of bowel sounds. This is due(p) to the fear of a paralytic ileum as peritonitis may cause this. (McClare et al, 2009) It is now acknowledged that good-natured feeding may restore gut mobility and is recommended for early management. (McClare et al, 2009) The lack of sound evidence based practice results in a need for future studies on post-operative feeding. Lownfels, 2008) While the patient is on TPN, an insulin protocol in in place to monitor blood sugar levels second hourly and adjust insulin as required. There is a high risk of hyperglycaemia due to insulin exemption when the body is under increased stress. (Braga et al, 2009) Therefore close glucose control is of be nefit to the patients outcome in the ICU setting, including fewer infectious episodes and lower mortality. (Braga et al, 2009) A central line or another type of central access is recommended for the administration of TPN, as it can irate the veins in peripheral access. Singer et al, 2009) A study performed about the reliability of central venous lines and PICC lines came to the conclusion that the number of infections was the same, nevertheless, phlebitis and thrombus occurred more frequently in the PICC lines. (Singer et al, 2009) Feeding the patient is a complicated fulfil and a close eye on the patient is needed is pick up on complications that may occur during the feeding regime. Once the patient was extubated. , he remained drowsy for a day and a half. ammonium hydroxide levels were done and these came back high. The TPN was stopped and the patients mental status slowly improved.The patients LFTs were normal. Vasopressors The patient is also being treated for an abdominal inf ection and community acquired pneumonia. Septic outrage is defined as an inflammatory resolution syndrome with a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 70mmhg. Other factors affecting the cardiovascular system include sedatives. (Ray and McKeown, 2007) Therefore the systemic infection and sedatives are contributing to the patients low blood pressure. Vasopressors and intropes are used when volume surrogate is not able to adequately increase blood pressure or with this patient fluid resuscitation is not considered (as he already had 2000mls of luid intra-operatively). (Morrell et al, 2009) Sufficient fluid loading is recommended prior to vasopressor use to try and stabilise the patient with septic shock. (Dellinger et al, 2009) Vasopressor therapy is used to maintain tissue perfusion in the event of critical illness. (Dellinger et al, 2007) Perfusion is reliant on pressure and control of vascular beds are inevitably lost when mean arterial pressure falls beneath a certain point. (Dellin ger et al, 2007) inwardly the unit the patients are treated with norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which is the do drugs of choice when treating shock induced hypotension.This is because norepinephrine is a potent drug and is very effective at treating hypotension compared to other drugs. (Dellinger et al, 2007) norepinephrine is an ? -adrenergic agonist and has some ? -adrenergic effects. (Urden et al, 2006) Noradrenaline is naturally released by nerve cells, producing the fight or flight response within the body. (Urden et al, 2006) This would normally produce an increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, dilated pupils, dilate air passing game in the lungs and narrowing of blood vessels in non-essential organs, which aids the body in coping under stressful situations. Urden et al, 2006) The alpha receptors are found in muscle tissue, therefore by stimulating these receptors, noradrenaline causes the muscles to contain resulting in narrowing of blood vessels. (Urden et al, 2006) This means that an increase in MAP and systemic vascular resistance with little alteration in heart rate and volume output. (Morrell et al, 2009) Intravenous infusions of noradrenaline at low doses has been reported to increase blood pressure, urinary output and creatinine clearance, resulting in an aid to overall decreasing vasopressor therapy. Morrell et al, 2009) However, as with most drugs, side-effects of high doses of vasopressors, which include headache, bradycardia, hypertension, and inadequate blood flow leading to low levels of oxygen in extremities. (MIMMS, 2011) Studies involving petty doses of vasopressin show an improvement in blood pressure over a small period of time. (Russell et al, 2008) The titration of noradrenaline is the nurses responsibility once the doctors order the aim MAP. (Brown and Edwards, 2008) An important part of nursing care is comprehensively assessing the patient receiving vasopressors. Brown and Edwards, 2008) These must include, urinary output, consciousness (if able), colour, temperature, pulses of the extremities, heart rate, blood pressure, signs and symptoms of myocardial schema. (Brown and Edwards, 2008) Titration of the drug is based on current observations. An important aspect to consider when using vasopressors, is to treat the cause of the shock. (Dellinger et al, 2009) This aids in recovery the the decreasing usage of invasive procedures. The use of noradrenaline on the patients improves his oxygenation and outcomes through this subtle illness.The main objective is to improve oxygenation and noradrenaline has an regard on oxygenation by increasing preload, leading to an increased cardiac output. It also has an impact on cardiac contractility, which increases the force ejection thus allowing the heart to over come any increase in afterload caused by the vasoconstriction. (Urden et al, 2006) The increase consumption of oxygen, oxygen consumption increases. (Brown and Edwards, 2008)This is due to the hyper metabolic rate the critical ill patient is under.Caring for critically ill patients requires an in-depth knowledge on bodily systems and functions. Within the ICU environment, hierarchy of nurses which range from junior to senior. This exists to aid growth within the junior members of staff, as go on education is important. As the above case study shows, numerous problems need to be addressed passim the care of the patient. As only three issues have been addressed, this only illustrates a small insight into the scope of care the patient received. References Mercat, A. t al, (2008) Positive End-Expiratory Pressure settings in Adults with Acute Lung Injury and Acute respiratory Distress Syndrome A Randomised Controlled Trial. JAMA, 6 646-655 McClare, S. A. , et al (2009) Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critical ill patient rescript of Critical Care Medicine and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, JPEN, 33 277- 316 Lownfels, A. B. (2008) Recovery after abdominal surgery Is enteral feeding preferable? A best evidence review. http//www. medscape. org/newarticale/568983 Shils, M.E. , et al (2006) Modern nutrition in health and disease, 10th edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore Assiotisa, A. , Elenin, H. (2010) Implications of refeeding syndrome in post-operative total parenteral nutrition. http//www. grandrounds-e-med. com/articles/gr100013. htm Deutschmann, C. S. , Neligan, P. J. (2010) Evidence-Based Practice of Critical Care, Saunders, Philadelphia Coggon, J. (2008) Arterial blood gas analysis Understanding ABG reports. nurse Times 104 18, 28-29 Woodruff, D. (2009) 6 Easy Steps to ABG Analysis. http//www. Ed4nurses. com Faisy, C. et al (2009) Impact of energy deficit calculated by a predictive method on outcome in medical patients requiring prolonged acute mechanical ventilation, British Journal of Nutrition, 101, 1079-1087 Singer, P. , et al (2009) ESPEN Guidelines on Par enteral Nutrition Intensive Care, Clinical Nutrition, 28, 387-400 Braga, M. , et al (2009) ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition Surgery, Clinical Nutrition, 28, 378-386 Antinian, V. , et al (2006) Effects of early enteral feeding on the outcome of critically ill mechanically ventilated medical patients, CHEST, 129, 960-967 Elke, G. et al (2008) Current practice in nutritional support and its association with mortality in septic patients Results from a national, prospective, multicenter study, Critical Care Medicine, 36, 1762-1767 Putensen, C. , et al (2006) The impact os spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilation, Current Opinion in Critical Care, 12, 13-18 Mireles-Cabodevila, E. , et al (2009) choice modes of ventilation A review for the hospitalise, Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 76, 417-430 Morrell, M. R. , et al, (2009) The instruction of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. Infec Dis Clin N Am, 23, 485-501 Ray, D. C. McKeown, D. W. (2007) Effect of creation ag ent on vasopressor and steroid use, and outcome in patients with septic shock. Critical Care, http//www. ccforum. com/content/11/3/R56 Russell, J. A. , et al, (2008) Vasopressin veers Norepinephrine Infusion in Patients with Septic Shock, The New England Journal of Medicine, 358, 877-887 Brown, D. , Edwards, H. (2008) Lewiss medical-surgical nursing Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems, 2nd edition, Mosby, China Urden, L. D. , et al, (2006) Thelans Critical care Nursing Diagnosis and Management, 5th edition, Mosby, China MIMMS (2011) http//www. mimms. com. au

Rome’s Via Dei Fori Imperiali

Via dei Fori Imperiali Millions of tourists flock to the eternal city both year to look at the many beautiful and grandiose sites of Rome. What many might not regard is that in the 18th century Mussolini had a plan to restructure, and tear down many of important monuments that bushel Roman heritage, and he did just this. Benito Mussolini built the road known as Via dei Fori Imperiali in 1931-1933. Mussolini wanted a way to brand Rome with his distinct Fascist ideals.Via dei Fori Imperiali was first built with the idea that it would house many triumphal marches or parades. Mussolini also wanted to form a physical and symbolic come to between Piazza Venezia, the headquarters of the fascist movement to the Roman Forum, the epitome of Roman male monarch and strength, and totally the way to the Colosseum. Many obstacles lay in Mussolinis way, to start with many important and historic monuments except also little villages and houses that housed 746 of Romes poorest families.The dens e amount of poor Romans living in the once- Alessandrino neighborhood, could not argue or protest against the tearing down of there homes precisely because they had no political power or even money to make any objection at the time. Apart from kicking thousands of multitude out of their homes, Mussolini also managed to destroy many millennia- old structures. To name a few Mussolini demolished the churches of San Lorenzo ai Monti and Santa Maria degli Angeli in Macello Martyrum. He also partially eradicated the forums of Caesar, Augustus, Trajan, Vespasian and Nerva.By building this road Mussolini completely changed the landscape of Rome, bleak completely the Forum area in two. Like many overbearing leaders Mussolini had the vision of creating a new Rome, one that had rid itself of the domineering aura of history. Mussolini wanted to make new open spaces that were not cluttered by history. He wanted to leave his own mark on the Country, and in his sagacity the only way to do this was to tear down thousands years of historic monuments and to displace thousands of people.Mussolini modeled himself on Julius Caesar, yet his role model was the first emperor Augustus. Mussolini admired the rulers of the ancient Roman Empire and strived to be like them yet with his arrogance he felt he needed to build bigger, better buildings than the Romans had built, he needed to make Rome the grandest it had ever been. 1 . http//www. heritage-key. com/rome/dei-fori-imperiali-mussolinis-fascist-route-through-rome

Kansas City Hyatt Walkway Collapse

Kansas city Hyatt paseo Collapse Introduction The Hyatt Regency Hotel was built in Kansas City, Missouri in 1978. This hotel consisted of a 40-story hotel tower and assemblage facilities, which were connected by an open concept atrium. In facial expression the atrium, there were three walkways that connected the hotel to the conference facilities on the second, third, and quartern al-Qaidas. The atrium was 145 feet long, 117 feet wide and 50 feet high. On July 17, 1981, approximately 2,000 people had gathered in the atrium to insert in and watch a dance contest.Dozens stood on the walkways. At 705 PM, the walkways on the second, third, and fourth floor were packed with visitors as they watched over the active lobby, which was also full of people. The fourth floor bridge was suspend directly over the second floor bridge, with the third floor walkway set off to the side several meters away from the other two. Construction issues led to a subtle but flawed protrude change that dou bled the profane on the connection between the fourth floor walkway embody beams and the tie rods carrying the weight of the second floor walkway.This new design could barely handle the dead load weight of the structure itself, much less the weight of the spectators standing on it. The connection failed and both walkways crashed nonpareil on top of the other and then into the lobby below, killing 114 people and injuring more than 200 others. Mainbody FIG-1 FIG-2 Originally, the second and 4th floor walkways were to be suspended from the same rod (as shown in fig-1) and held in place by shabus.The preliminary design sketches contained a note specifying a strength of 413 MPa for the hanger rods which was omitted on the final structural drawings. quest the general notes in the absence of a specification on the drawing, the contractor used hanger rods with only 248 MPa of strength. This fender design, however, was highly impractical because it called for a nut 6. 1 meters up the h anger rod and did not use limb nuts. The contractor modified this detail to use 2 hanger rods instead of one (as shown in fig-2) and the engineer sanctioned the design change without checking it.This design change doubled the stress exerted on the nut under the fourth floor beam. Now this nut supported the weight of 2 walkways instead of just one Conclution FIG-3 FIG-4 un eat up the original nor the as-built design for the hanger rod satisfied the Kansas City building code making the connection ill inevitable. If, however, the building design had contained more redundancy this failure may not have resulted in the complete collapse of the walkway.Kaminetzky (1991) suggests two much stronger design alternatives for the connectors. The toe-to-toe packs used in the Hyatt Regency provided for weak conjoin which allowed the nut to pull through the channel/box beam assembly initiating the collapse. A back-to-back channel design using web stiffeners when necessary (fig-3) or the use of bearing crossplates in conjunction with the toe-to-toe channels (fig-4) would have made the connection much stronger making it much more difficult for the nut to pull throughReferences Engineering Ethics Lessons Learned Kansas City Hyatt Walkway Collapse http//www. pdhengineer. com/Course%20Web/Law%20and%20Ethics%20Courses/hyatt_walkway_collapse. htm Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse. School of Engineering, University of Alabama. http//www. eng. uab. edu/cee/faculty/ndelatte/case_studies_project/Hyatt%20Regency/hyatt. htmCauses Kaminetzky, Dov, Design and Construction Failures Lessons from Forensic Investigations (1991). McGraw-Hill, New York, N. Y.